Hammer crusher



Sept. 3, 1929. w. A. BATTEY ET AL 1,727,156 HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Dec.27, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 3, 1929. w. A. BATTEY ET AL HAMMERCRUSHER Filed D66. 27, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Wm y 6660" Sept. 3, 1929.w. A. BATTEY ET AL 1,727,156

HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Dec. 27, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet I5 Sept. 3, 1929.

w. A. BATTEY ET AL 1,727,156

HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Dec. 27, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Sec/00M PatentedSept 3, 1929.

. UNITED STATES PATENT- OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. BATTEY, 01:

OF PHILADELPHIA,

HAVEEFORD, AND JAMES E. STINE AND GEORGE W. BOBTON, IPENNSYLVANIA,ASSIGNOBS TO PENNSYLVANIA CBUSHE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, Y., A CORPORATIONOF NEW YORK.

HAMMER CBUSHEB.

Application filed December 27, 1928. Serial No. 682,965.

This invention relates to hammer mills and Crushers, and the principalobject ofthe invention is to provide a machine adapted for crushing wet,damp and sticky material, such as wet coal.

The invention further resides in certain novel and useful structuralfeatures hereinafter clearly set forth and illustrated in the attacheddrawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation illustrating a hammermill made in accordance with our invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2-2, Fig. 1; I

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are, respectively, a fragmentary longitudinal section,plan, and transverse section, illustrating details of the mechanismshown in Figs. 1 and 2;

Figs. 6 and 7 are, respectively, longitudinal and transverse sectionsillustrating a mod1-' fied form of the invention; and

Figs. 6 and 7 are, respectively, longitudinal and transverse sectionalviews illustrating another modification of the invention.

The usefulness of hammer mills in crushing or pulverizing wet, damp andsticky ma-' terials has been seriously handicapped by a tendency ofthese materials to accumulate on the various parts of the mechanism, and5 particularly on the crushing, breaking and screening surfaces. Thishas been partlcularly true in crushing or pulverizing wet coal, the wetor damp coal fragments and dust adhering to and blocking up the crushingand 0 screening surfaces and materially curtailing the capacity of themills. This curtailment in capacity has in some instances been so greatas to make the use of the hammer mill commercially impractical.

We have discovered that by using flexible, movable, or vibratorycrushing and breaking surfaces in place of the relatively fixed andsolid surfaces heretofore employed, we are able to overcome theaforesaid difficulty and prevent the blocking-up of the surfaces by thewet material.

Numerous methods may be employed for obtaining the necessary movable orvibratory characteristic in the crushing, breaking and screeningsurfaces, and for the purposes of description, we have illustrated inthe attached drawings a number of embodiments of the invention which areparticularly well adapted for the purpose, although it will beunderstoodthat we do not limit ourselves to 55 the herein described andillustrated embodiments.

With reference toFigures 1 to 5, inclusive,

we have there illustrated a well known form of hammer mill comprisingthe usual casing 1, having at the top an intake opening 2 for theentrance of the material to be crushed, the material being conductedfrom this opening by a suitable guide to the hammers 3, which latter arepivotally mounted in well known manner upon the rotor 4, the inductedmateria'lbeing caught by the hammers and thrown violently a ainst acrushing surface mounted on the inside of the top cover liner 5. 1 Thiscrushing surface, which may be termed the rear top crushing surface,instead of as in mills of the usual construction constituting fixedelements, is so constructed as to provide for a movement sufficient todislodge the wet, damp or sticky material which may tend to adhere inthe interstices and to the crushing surfaces. In the. present instance,the said rear top crushing surface consists of a plurality of tensionedchain sections 6 placed close to the top cover liner 5. These chains inthe present instance, as most clearly illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, arerigidly fixed at one end to one of the side pieces of the casing bymeans of bolts 7, and are flexibly held in the opposite side plate ofthe casing by springs 8. These springs are mounted upon bolts 9 attachedto the chains and extending through the said side pieces, and thesprings are confined between the side pieces and nuts 10.0n the outerends of the bolts. By adjusting the nut 10 on the bolt, it will beapparent that the tension of the spring and consequently the tension ofthe chain may be varied. In the present instance, the projecting ends ofeach of the bolts 9 and the springs carried thereby are housed within acontainer 11, which as clearly illustrated have a projection 12 at theirinner ends adapted to seat within a suitable recess in the side plate ofthe casing 1, the container 11 being held to its seat by the pressure ofthe spring 8, which in this instance is confined between the nuts 10 andthe bottom of the spring container 11. Each of the containers 11 alsoincludes a suitable closure member 13. Although we prefer to provide, atleast one end of each of the chains which plate which it adjoins.

constitute the crushing surface with a flexi-' It will be apparent thatimpact of the coal or other material against the chains makes themquiver, which tends to break up and dislodge any sticky bond of the dampor wet material that may have accumulated on or adhered to the chains.It will be noted further that a material advantage in the use of chainsis found in the articulated characteristics conferred by the relativelymovable individual links which makes possible a maximum vibratoryefiect. Also these chains, if placed close enough together, will come incontact with their neighbors on either side, thereby setting upadditional vibration and further dislodging the wet or sticky material.Also each chain further tends to be vibrated against the top cover Allof these motions tend to free the chains and keep them free from thedamp or wet material.

These series of chains form a rough crushing surface which is verydesirable in crusher mills, particularly in breaking down and crushingcoal. Where tramp iron is met with or other foreign materials, thechainstend to have an individual flexibility which protects them to aconsiderable extent from breakage, and this individual flexibility isincreased by the aforedescribed spring suspension.

Further and analogous uses of chains in crusher mills are illustrated inFigs. 6 to 9, inclusive. In Figures 6 and 7 for example, we haveillustrated a mill in which instead of the usual top breaker plate, Weemploy a corresponding breaking surface consisting of a plurality ofchains arranged in parallel.

rows as previously described. In this instance, we illustrate the chains15 suit-ably suspended across the face of the breaker plate 16. Thesechains may be suspended in any manner that may be found suitable, suchas for example the suspension described in the embodiment illustrated inFigs. 1 to 5. Also in this instance, we have shown the cage or screen 17as comprising in place of v the usual gratings or cross bars, theparallel rows of chains 18 which are stretched between the side framemembers of the cage, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 7, suitable bolts19, 19, being provided which attach to the opposite ends of the chainsand are held in the said side frame pieces 17, 17, by means of nuts 20at the outside of the latter. In both the cage and breaker plate, theimportant function of these chains is to prevent the building up andblinding of the surfaces with the wet material, although in addition tothis function, they provide an excellent rough surface well adapted forbreaking and crushing purposes. I

In Figs. 8 and 9, we have illustrated a further application of thechains to the cage or screen, these chains being designated by thereference numeral 21. In this instance, however, only a portion of thecage designated by the reference numeral 22 has been screened with thesaid chains 21 whereby an opening is provided at the end of the screenedportion which permits the material to fall below the crusher and intothe hopper not shown. In this instance, however, we locate opposite theend of the cage a surface 23 built up of chains in the manner previouslydescribed and as well illustrated in Fig. 9. The crushed product iskicked off the cage at a tangent by the hammers and is made to impingeagainst the flexible chain surface 23, after which it passes aspreviously described to the hopper. The chains 23 by reason of thevibrant characteristic previously described prevent the building up ofthe wet and damp crushed material on this final crushing surface andmaintain its efiiciency at a maximum. Although in this instance we haveshown the chains as rigidly fixed in the supporting structure 24, itwill be understood that we may utilize the aforedescribed spring orsimilar flexible suspension if this is desirable.

We claim:

1. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet andoutlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a crushing surfacecomprising a plurality of chains adapted for coactionwith the hammers incrushing material entering the crusher.

2. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet andoutlet openings, a plurality of chains suspended in said frame andforming a crushing surface, and means for impelling material introducedthrough said inlet against said surface.

3. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet andoutlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a plurality of chainshaving resilient connection with said frame and forming in the latter acrushing surface coactive with said hammers.

4. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet andoutlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a plurality of chainseach having one end resiliently connected to the frame and formingtherein a crushing surface coactive with said hammers.

5. The combination in a hammer crusher, of'a frame having inlet andoutlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a plurality of chainssuspended in the frame, each having a spring interposed between at leastone to have material end and said frame, and said chains formhammers.

6. The combination in a crusher, of a cage, a plurality of chainsadjustably suspended in said cage and forming a crushing surface,

and mechanism for impelling a material in against said surface.

7. A crushing surface for crusher mills comprising a plurality ofparallel members, each of said-members comprising a plurality ofinterconnected and independently movable elements.

8. In a hammer mill, the combination with a rotor having pivotallysecured thereto a plurality of hammers, and a breaker plate comprising aplurality of chains constituting an abutment against which the materialis impelled by said hammers.

9. In a hammer mill, the combination with a rotor having pivotallysecured. thereto a plurality of ,hammers, and a plurality of chainsconstituting a screen over which the said material is conducted by saidhammers.

10. In a hammer mill, the combination with a rotor, of a plurality ofhammers pivotally mounted in said rotor, a screen adapted conductedthereover by said hammers, and an abutment comprising a plurality ofchains located opposite the end of said screen and adapted to receivethe material impelled from the end of said screen by the hammers.

11. A crusher comprising a plurality of closely suspended chains forminga crushing surface, and mechanism for impelling a material against saidsurface.

12. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet andoutlet openings, a crushing surface comprising a plurality of separateand ,independently movable members each composed of a plurality ofelements articulated with respect to each other,

and a series of rotary hammers adapted to impel material against andover said surface from the inlet toward the outlet openg. 13. Thecombination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outletopenings, a series of rotary hammers, and a crushing surface comprisinindividual separate members arranged su stantially parallel to the axisof rotation of said hammers and each composed of a plurality of elementsarticulated with respect to each other and adapted for continuouslimited movement under theaction of material impelled against the surface by the hammers.

14. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet andoutlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a crushing surfacecomprising a plurality of substantially horizontal separate membersadapted for free limited and independent movement under the normalaction of material impelled by said hammers and each composed of aplurality of elements articulated with respect to each other.

15. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet andoutlet openings, a series of rotary ammers, and a screen comprising aplurality of separate members adapted for independent movement under thenormal action of material driven over the screen by said of a pluralityof elements articulated with respect to each other.

WILLIAM A. BATTEY. JAMES E. STINE. GEORGE W. BORTON.

hammers and each composed

